Physical Security
This Topic is intended to broaden one’s view beyond just a lock on the entrance
door or an ID badge. Please remember that each facility presents its own
challenges however, we endeavor to present the broadest selection of common
items to explore. The Topic is segregated into three basic components:
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Site Security
-
Interior Facility
Security
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Personnel and
Portable Hardware Security
Site
Security
Physical site
security looks at all external factors that may have such a negative impact that
you are denied use of your facility. They can be caused by malicious acts of
vandalism, acts of general terrorism, accidents, and acts of nature. There are a
number of occurrences that can result in officials uninhabitable and forcing
your facility to be shut down. Sometimes there is a potential for casualties
and/or injuries before this action is taken
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Air borne
contaminates:
Is your facility air tight enough and is your fresh air intakes positioned
correctly with protective dampers in case of an emergency such as a foreign
substance being introduced into your air intakes? What about a cloud of
chlorine passing over your facility?
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Water borne
contaminates:
Contaminated potable water from municipal water systems through drinking
fountains is not uncommon and can be troublesome. It is not to your
advantage to turn off the water supply because of all of the other functions
that it provides. Do you have the policies and procedures in place to deal
with this? How do you communicate to your staff in an emergency situation?
Do you have pre-made signs warning your staff and others against washing
hands? Have you identified sources of bottled water and can get it to the
facility in a reasonable time period?
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Protection
against direct physical violence to personnel entering and leaving the
facility:
Parking lots and
building entrances can be a major issue for the protection of the personnel
and guests. Are you giving these staff, vendors, and visitors the best
protection against violence that you can? Do you have sufficient lighting
levels to deter crime? How about external security cameras? Think about your
weekend 3rd shift leaving work.
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Protection
against unauthorized delivery area access:
Shipping and
receiving areas and truck docks are one of the least secure areas versus
other areas of a facility and require much more thought and planning to make
secure. Do you have specific routes and procedures that shippers must
go through so that they are thoroughly reviewed by Security? How about the
contents of the delivered packages? Do you have a designated area where the
contents can be checked that provides the maximum protection for the
facility? How do you handle medium to large unexpected delivery
items? Do you have procedures prepared and in-place for suspected packages
or contents? Do allow your delivery entrance to be used for employee
entrance or egress use? Or, for a smoking area?
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Protection
against direct building destruction: Protecting against explosive devices and
long range targeting is not always practical to look at in depth in most
cases but the protection against runaway or maliciously attempted
destruction from vehicles should be considered. Do you have bollards or
other traffic stopping devises in place to stop vehicles or up blast
concrete protectors if needed?
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Protection of
incoming utilities:
Are your incoming
utility connections as secure as they should be? This is an area that must
be looked at in cooperation with the utility companies that provide the
facility with gas, electricity, sewer, water and communications services.
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Protection of
externally mounted mechanical and electrical equipment:
Are the external
portions of your mechanical and electrical equipment vital to your operation
in a controlled environment (heavy duty fencing, etc)?
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Protection from
access from facilities roof:
Is your roof is
to access? Is your facility in a shred building with other tenants and do
you receive notice from the landlord when the roof is going to be accessed
for other tenants’ issues? Are all of the openings from the roof secure and
monitored? Do you have visual surveillance of roof access and possibly the
roof itself?
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Limited number of
normal use entrance and egress points to your facility:
The number of
entrance and egress (non-emergency) doors to your facility should be
reviewed on a regular basis and should always be kept at the minimum number
that is feasible.
Interior Building Security:
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Well designed and
controlled building entrances:
This can vary to
a large degree on the type of operation the facility serves. General
entrances where there is a large number of the public is involve must be
looked at in a much different way than one where most of the people entering
are working in secure areas. Do you have good remote CCTV surveillance that
is monitored during all hours of operation and backing up other
security devices at all times? Do you maintain a well trained and security
conscientious human at the facility main entrance and the delivery entrance?
Does the security area in the main entrance facility have a clear and
panoramic view of the walkways and driveways leading to the main entrance?
Where is your designated smoking area located and does it have added
security such as enclosed fencing?
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Building
perimeter protection:
Are there any hiding places next to your building? Do you have appropriate
perimeter CCTV surveillance? Are all openings to the building controlled by
competent security equipment? Are all windows protected by sensors for
breakage or cutting? Do you have adequate levels of lighting around the
facilities perimeter?
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Shipping,
Receiving and loading dock areas:
Are these areas properly isolated? Do they have good CCTV coverage? Is all
incoming material properly scanned to protect your facility and personnel?
Do you have controlled routing for all incoming and outgoing material?
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Protection of
Security and Building Control systems:
Is your Security Operations Center isolated so that it is very difficult to
access by unauthorized personnel? Is your fire detection systems main
equipment in a secure and monitored area? Is your facility’s automated
control system in a secure area? Are all of these areas monitored by your
CCTV system? Are they such that all personnel seeking entrance are verified
before access?
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Controlled access
to critical building functions:
Are the facility’s mechanical, electrical and communication rooms/areas
secure from unauthorized access? Are they monitored by your CCTV system?
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Isolation of Data
Center and other critical areas:
Is your facility
zoned so that access to critical areas is difficult for unauthorized
personnel? Do you have ‘Personnel Trap’ areas at the entrances to critical
areas?
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Security System
Sophistication:
Is your present
security system equipped with all of the various levels of sophistication
that is required to adequately protect all areas? Can it provide sufficient
history to permit analysis of an event?
Personnel and Portable Hardware Security:
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Personnel
Identity and Control System:
Do you have a
general badge system in operation? Are you using picture identification
badges with color coding? Does it allow you to limit personnel access to
only areas they need to be in to perform their duties and no more? Is it
integrated with your HR system so that you get instant updates as to an
employee’s current status? Is it capable of identifying all portable
hardware that the employee is permitted take out of the facility? Do you
have good control of vendors and contractors that perform work in your
facility?
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Identity and
tracking of portable hardware:
Do you have your portable hardware properly identified and protected against
unauthorized removal from the facility? Is your portable equipment inventory
connected to your personnel badge system so that it can be associated with a
particular individual?
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Correct levels of
interior security:
Is your security system capable of providing you all of the various levels
of security you need for your public, secure, highly secure, and ultra
secure areas? Is it integrated with your CCTV system so that you can
instantly track a problem? Does the system provide you all of the
information you need and is it able to tie to HR personnel systems as
needed? Are you storing these images for a time period sufficient to retrace
activities at various points?
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Shipping and
delivery security:
Do you have good
control on all of the delivery people as well as in-house personnel? Do you
have control of all outgoing shipments? Do you permit employees to exit the
facility via your shipping and delivery areas?
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CCTV system:
Is your CCTV system adequate to meet all of your needs. Do you have proper
coverage? Are you providing adequate image storage of CCTV data for most
reviews that you may require (usually found to be insufficient after
an event)?
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